The mechanisms of action of anti

Health outcomes are better influenced by a variety of substances of internal or external origin. Nevertheless, the outcomes are often aggravated by certain potential effects of substances acting on them. In fact, the substances are nothing but the drugs or medication prescribed by physian or a doctor.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The mechanisms of action of anti-depressants, neuroleptics and anti-manic drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These medications show action on various organ systems of the body to alleviate the pain and inflammation or any abnormal condition which disturb the routine hygiene. The factors contributing to the action of drug on a specific organ or organ system of body are interlinked to the route of administration and dosage. However, mechanism of action do plays role in influencing the action of medication. Especially, medications that exert action on central nervous system (CNS) ar e very important as they reflect the psychological, behavioral and mood patterns in individuals.There are a spectrum of CNS disorders that pose a threat to the neuropsychological functioning. To overcome this aberration, a variety of CNS drugs have been introduced into the pharmacopeia. These include anti-depressants, neuroleptics and anti-manic drugs. There is a need to know the mechanism of action of drugs related to this special category of CNS drugs. Antidepressants are a class of medicines which cure depression. They are mostly prescribed for patients who have alterations in concentration, appetite, sleep and mood.The recovery from such conditions involves few weeks. There are various types of antidepressant drugs. The mechanism of antidepressant drugs is connected to monoamine hypothesis. This is because depression occurs due to lack of biogenic monoamines like dopamine, DA, noradrenaline, NA, serotonin, 5-HT. Antidepressant drugs are thus categorized with regard to their pote ntial to enhance monoaminergic transmission. Studies related to microdialysis, electrophysiological and behavioural studies have shown that serotonin (5-HT) receptors, mainly 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C sub-types, play vital role in their antidepressive mode of action. Here, antidepressants activate neurotransmitter which occurs through a rise in synaptic endogenous serotonin levels at specific locations of brain. This results in several G protein stimulation which are linked to neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transcription factors, signal transducing receptors. Hence, it is the transduction mechanism underlying depression (Bourin et al., 2002). The treatment strategies focused on Depressive disorders have achieved remarkable outcome with serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors: SNRI and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: SSRI (Bourin et al., 2002). For treating, major depressive disorder (MDD),The novel class of drugs such as SSRI, SNRI a nd norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor were identified as first-line† therapies.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They have better withstanding potential and safety compared to older medications tricyclic antidepressants (Koenig Thase, 2009). According to latest update, there is an increasing trend in the use of antidepressant medication over a period of 1996 to 2005 (Olfson Marcus, 2009). Next, the other categories of drugs are Neuroleptics. These are medications prescribed for treating psychosis and mainly work by inhibiting dopamine D2-like receptors (Treatment of Pediatric Movement, 2011). Therefore, the mechanism of neuroleptics is the main CNS dopamine network which begins in the substantia nigra of brain and extends till the regions of caudate, putamen, and corpus striatum.This action makes it contribute to extrapyramidal side effects like tardive dyskinesi a and Parkinsonism.In another mechanism the dopamine pathway extends to the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, cingulate gyrus which are known as limbic regions that control emotions. A Neuroleptic drug suppressing this pathway causes anti-psychotic effects.Subsequent pathway begins in the hypothalamic region of brain and extends to the region of anterior pituitary. Inhibition of this particular pathway by neuroleptic medications results in rise in prolactin levels causing amenorrhea and sexual dysfunction (Neuroleptic Pharmacology,n.d.). Several hypotheses have been put forward to better explain the mechanism of neuroleptic drugs. In one hypothesis, it was described that in vivo, D2 blocking agents retard the firing process of dopamine neurons thus leading to a reduction in release of dopamine in the striatum. This causes the D1 receptors become unload of transmitters. In experiments conducted on anaesthetized an free moving rats, D2 antagonists enabled a rise in firing proportion of dop amine neurons. Recently, another explanation was proposed which emphasizes on the interfering stages between D2 blockade and antipsychotic effects (Miller, 2009). Present in the striatum at a low proportion, are a category of neurons known as â€Å"large cholinergic interneurones. Their function is release of acetyl choline (ACh) which is regulated by dopamine, that blocks these neurons at receptors of D2.Thus, agents that serve as D2 blockers contribute to rise in firing rate, and Ach release by cholinergic interneurones. For the actions to occur at cellular level, there is need of another receptors namely, muscarinic receptors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The mechanisms of action of anti-depressants, neuroleptics and anti-manic drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are five such receptors where Ach is supposed to exert its effect. M1, M2, M4 are located in the striatum.An animal lacking M2 recepto r dose not produce tremors following cholinergic agonist administration, indicating its significance for that function(Miller,2009). The tremor behavior effect is due to lessened striatal ACh release instead of lack of this receptor type induced postsynaptic effect. M1 receptor is present on medium spiny neurons and blocks potassium current causing a rise in the excitability of neurons. Hence, D2-blocking agent generated motor side effects are facilitated via rise in cholinergic stimulation of M1 receptors.M4 receptor likely reduces the synthesis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis, and when this receptor is stimulated, the synthesis of cAMP ,activated through other ways is reduced. Thus, M1receptor activation leads to extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and M4 receptor activation leas to reduced cAMP synthesis. On the whole, the antipsychotic drugs action is to lessen the cAMP formation through the routes of D2 blockade and increased firing in cholinergic neurons (Mill er, 2009).The current trends in prescription of neuroleptics indicate that since the year 2000, there was an increase due to rise in the prescription of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAP). This has drawn increasing attention on children and adolescents with regard to the increasing exposure to neuroleptics by general population and also to evaluate the SGAP’s risk and benefit index for disorders not relevant to psychosis (Verdoux,Tournier,Bà ©gaud,2010).The final class of drugs to be discussed in this part of description is antimanic drugs. These are used for the treatment of mania or bipolar disorders associated with other disorders that are affective in nature (Medical Dictionary Online,2008). There are various antimanic drugs the most common being the Lithium carbonate, carbamazepine and valproate semisoium. Some of the various forms mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the drug Lithium carbonate, are, it causes reduced sensitivity of neurotransmitter pos tsynaptic receptor; induces activation of Na+ exit from cells when there is an elevation in the intracellular Na+ ,as observed in depression. This process is based on the Na+/K+pump mechanism stimulation. This drug activates Na+ entry into cells when Na+ level is reduced intracellulalry as observed in manic conditions. It contributes to transfer of Na+ and Ca2+ ions Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitter, across cell membranes .This drug prevents both inositol phosphate `second messenger’ systems and cyclic AMP in the membrane . This action facilitates the prolonged aside effects of hypothyroidism and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by inhibiting TSH-sensitive adenyl cyclase and ADH-sensitive adenyl cyclase.Finally, it promotes for Mg2+ and Ca2 interaction leading to permeability of cell membrane at an increase level. Next, carbamzepine is another antimanic drug whose structure is equal to tricyclic antidepressant imipramine but has no known effect on the reuptake of monoa mine reuptake.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It facilitates its mechanism by the blocking of limbic system’skindling phenomena.Finally, sodium valproate is another anti-manic drug. It exerts its therapeutic mechanism by retarding the breakdown process of GABA(ÃŽ ³-amino butyric acid) by blocking semialdehyde dehydrogenase thus indicating a biochemical alteration of GABA defect . This drug was believed to cross the blood brain barrier with sodium valproate which leads to the brain accumulation of valproate in increased concentration with equal dose of sodium valproate and valproate semisodium (Antimanic Drugs,n.d.). According to the available information, trends in the use of antimanic drugshas indicated a fall in the social rates in several countries in the recent period. This is due to an increased prescription of antimanic drugs which reflected a precise diagnostic oriented recommendation of drugs. This trend also occurred with the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), antipsychotics (Shah Lodhi, 20 05). Therefore, all the classes of drugs mentioned above have a significant therapeutic effect on the CNS. There is a further need to explore the novel pathways that imply a faster treatment strategy with minimum side effects. References Antimanic Drugs: Radcliffe Publishing Oxford. (n.d.). Web. Bourin, M., David, D.J., Jolliet, P., Gardier, A. (2002). Mechanism of action of antidepressants and therapeutic perspectives. Therapie, 57 (4): 385-96. Koenig, A.M., Thase, M.E.(2009).First-line pharmacotherapies for depression – what is the best choice? Pol Arch Med Wewn,119 (7-8): 478-86. Medical Dictionary Online: What is Antimanic Drugs? (2008). Retrieved from https://www.medicaldictionaryonline.info/medical-term/Antimanic+Drugs Miller, R. (2009). Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs of Different Classes. Refractoriness to Therapeutic Effects of Classical Neuroleptics, and Individual Variation in Sensitivity to their Actions: PART I. Curr Neuropharmacol, 7 (4): 302-314. N euroleptic Pharmacology. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.raymondcheong.com/index.html Olfson, M., Mark, S. C. (2009). National Patterns in Antidepressant Medication Treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry,66 (8): 848-85. Shah. A., Lodhi, L. (2005).The impact of trends in psychotropic prescribing on the method of suicide in the elderly. Med Sci Law,45 (2):115-20. Treatment of Pediatric Movement Disorders. (2011). Web. Verdoux, H. Tournier, M., Bà ©gaud, B.(2010).Antipsychotic prescribing trends: a review of pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,121, (1): 4-10. This report on The mechanisms of action of anti-depressants, neuroleptics and anti-manic drugs was written and submitted by user Ayleen Gibbs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay Example

Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay Example Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay CRM entails all facets of interaction a company has with its client, whether it is gross revenues or service related. It even uses engineering to streamline procedures that impact client trueness, service bringing and quality direction. Today, concerns are confronting an aggressive competition and they have to do Attempts to last in a competitory and unsure market topographic point. Peoples have realized that pull offing Customer relationships is a really of import factor for their success. Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) is a scheme that can assist them to construct durable relationships with their clients and increase their net incomes through the right direction system and the application of customer-focused schemes. ( Berry,1983 ) Customer is the most of import individual for a concern. He is non an break to our work but the intent of it. He is non an foreigner ; he is a portion of it. We are non making him a favor, he is making us a favor by giving us an chance to function him. ( By Mahatma Gandhi ) It has grown mainstream and is being implemented in a broad scope of companies and organisations such as fabrication, fiscal services, transit and distribution, Though the activity looks to be a simple one, but tools and work flows which are involved in the procedure can be rather complex, particularly for big concern. Previously the tools were by and large limited to happen out basic information s like companies contact history with the clients or clients, monitoring and entering interactions and communications. ( Parasuraman, et all 1985 ) Background [ P1 ] : The ground of me to take this peculiar research is really simple. As I have worked in cordial reception industry and had a opportunity to cognize the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours operations from a close point, I wanted to happen out more ways to research about how the improved invitee service and trueness creates a bond between a peculiar organisation and the clients. In this epoch of globalisation where Customer is the King , client outlooks are traveling up which is doing the state of affairs more and more competitory. As the merchandise is going generic in nature, the hotel industry can no longer rely on the traditional selling schemes to retain the clients. Customer Relationship Management is one of the key tools to contend this cut pharynx competition and stand out as a superior trade name Research inquiry ( s ) [ P2 ] : RQ1 ) How effectual is the usage of Customer Relations Management ( CRM ) in retaining clients in cordial reception? RQ2 ) What are the new selling attacks in hotel industry? RQ3 ) How will CRM aid to retain clients in hotel industry? Hypothesis [ P2 ] : H0: CRM has no important consequence in retaining client in Hospitality Industry. H1: CRM has a important consequence in retaining client in Hospitality Industry. H0: CRM do non assist to retain client in hotel industry. H1: CRM do assist to retain client in hotel industry. Research Aims A ; Objectives [ P4 ] : Purpose: The survey aims to understand the importance of CRM in the success of administration in a cordial reception industry. Furthermore, it seeks to find the effectivity of the new selling attacks in retaining clients in a cordial reception industry. The survey is to make an extended research on the importance of CRM in Hospitality Industry, so gather relevant documents to back up the survey a study will be conducted and informations will be gathered from study and from these informations decision will be drawn. Aims: To be able arrive to the desired reply, the undermentioned stairss should be done: Gather relevant yesteryear and current informations related to the survey Design research inquiries for study Conduct a study Gather the relevant information from the study Make a tabular array or graph Verify informations Draw decision Literature Review [ P5 ] : Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) is one of those brilliant constructs that swept the concern universe in the 1990 s with the promise of forever altering the manner concerns little and big interacted with their client bases. In the short term, nevertheless, it proved to be an unmanageable procedure that was better in theory than in pattern for a assortment of grounds. First among these was that it was merely so hard and expensive to track and maintain the high volume of records needed accurately and invariably update them. ( Payne,2000 ) In today s competitory concern environment, a successful CRM scheme can non be implemented by merely put ining and incorporating a package bundle designed to back up CRM procedures. A holistic attack to CRM is critical for an effectual and efficient CRM policy. This attack includes preparation of employees, a alteration of concern procedures based on clients demands and an acceptance of relevant IT-systems ( including soft- and possibly hardware ) and/or use of IT-Services that enable the organisation or company to follow its CRM scheme. CRM-Services can even redundant the acquisition of extra hardware or CRM software- licences. ( Reichheld et all,1990 ) Let us now look for the replies of the inquiries we were carry oning the research for with regard to a unrecorded hotel. ITC MAURYA SHERATON Defines CRM as Customer Relationship Management is a procedure of pull offing client dealingss in an organized manner . They aim at pull offing each Moment Of Truth that is experienced by the client. Q11 How will CRM aid to retain clients in hotel industry There are assorted contact points where the hotel comes in direct contact with the client which are known as Touch points in the CRM linguistic communication. These touch points are considered of import as there is direct interaction with the client and they provide valuable input to the hotel. The input provided by the client has to be captured in such a manner that it becomes information and can be used by assorted procedures within the hotel. This can be done with the aid of engineering and the purpose is that whenever there is a client interface with any of those procedures they are able to utilize that information in serving the invitee in a most efficient mode. ( Sheth,1998 ) Loyalty Plans Second vehicle for CRM identified by Maurya Sheraton are the Loyalty Programs. These plans are designed to honor the loyal invitees of the hotel. Every clip a invitee cheques in the hotel at his every touch point or interface with the hotel, every clip he spends on a service provided by the hotel ( usage of Room, Restaurant, Laundry, Telephones etc. ) , the dealing is recorded at each single point and is added to the concluding measure presented to the invitee at the terminal of the stay. There are certain points attached to the figure of rupees spent by the invitee. Therefore higher the sum of the measure, the higher will be the figure of points attained by the invitee. These points are credited to the history of each invitee with the aid of engineering. These are called Loyalty points. These histories holding the trueness points are alone to every invitee. Therefore, whenever after the first clip that guest cheques into the hotels, the guest history besides affects the trueness poi nts. The higher the figure of points, more loyal is the invitee. The points can be redeemed by the invitee for either free corsets at the hotel or free gifts as listed by the hotel or free repasts depending upon the figure of points accumulated. Distribution Points/ Central Reservation System A client can merely do a call at the reserve Centre to do a engagement with the hotel. It sounds simple but it could acquire complex in instance he does non have the expected or the coveted response. Therefore, Maurya Sheraton sees this distribution point as an chance to set up CRM as the respondents at the reserve Centre could turn a prospective client into a sale or could allow travel off the chance to make so by non being polite plenty or non giving out the information as desired by the invitee. The information sing all guest reserves is managed through computing machine package, hence, when a client brand calls to question about a reserve, all his hotel usage history pops up in the system which gives a opportunity to the executive at the reserves to immediately acknowledge the client and reference him by his name. This minute of truth is experienced by the client with a feeling of acknowledgment and feels it as good service at the first touch point itself. The input or direction received from the client at the phase is recorded in the reserve system for farther mention by the hotel operations. Therefore the wheel does non acquire reinvented every clip a standard direction is to be followed. This leads to removal of an thorn and that finally leads to a satisfied client willing to return. ( Sheth and Parvatiyar,1995 ) Welcome Award Honoring Relationships Welcome Award has earned the differentiation of being India s premier and most powerful frequent invitee programme. The Welcome Award programme recognizes client as a concern traveller and through its strategic confederations with travel spouses enterprises to construct a rewarding relationship client. As a Welcome Award member clients can gain Stars on every facet of their concern tripaˆÂ ¦hotel corsets, concern amusement, Car leases and even air travel. Welcome Link- Bring place the wagess Welcome Link, India s most popular programme for cardinal professionals offers many value-added benefits. It is designed to assist members in doing reserves for their company executives. For every materialized room dark booked by a member at ITC-Welcome group Hotel, points are earned that can be redeemed for a broad scope of wagess. With Welcome Link, the member can look frontward to many exciting publicities and awards coming their manner plus an exciting scope of wagess complimentary dining, free vacations, air tickets, auto leases and privilege shopping with Credit Card Gift Vouchers countrywide. Sheraton Plus- The art of all right dining with a particular border Welcome group Sheraton Plus brings the pleasances of the roof of the mouth, in a genuinely rewarding mode. As a member, clients can taste the finest in culinary art runing from reliable Indian, Mughlai and Chinese fortes to Continental menu in a choice of over 30 ITC-Welcome group eating houses. From a 24-hour java stores called Pavilion to the forte eating houses such as Dum-Pukht, Bukhara, Dakshin and West View. Q3 How CRM can be efficaciously administered Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) is more than the pattern of roll uping guest-centric informations. It s the art of utilizing historical, personal and experiential information to personalise a invitee s stay while bring forthing incremental gross chances. Knowing a traveler is an devouring athleticss fan creates the chance to market tickets to a game. Industry surveys show that invitees are less likely to return if they experience a job during their stay. Recording and hive awaying of relevant database of guest history and information s and analysis of those provides with the information to extinguish repeating jobs and maintain invitees coming back, so to take down operating costs and increase guest satisfaction at the same clip. So the most of import factor is how good it needs to be handled and administrated. There has to be a dedicated squad and a suited user friendly package to assist the squad with the elaborate records of the client picks and penchants and all possible information s which may necessitate to be kept in head ever and the most of import measure in this has to be the changeless updating of inside informations with each minute inside informations with each visit or contact of the invitee with the hotel. Another of import portion of smooth handling and disposal of CRM procedure would be to maintain everyone updated and informed about the aggregation of information s of each single picks and penchants so in every point of contact the invitee feels at place. ( Sheth et all,2000 ) Rationale [ P6 ] : One can deduce the present scenario of the patterns and plans being followed by the taking participants in this sector and the stairss being followed by them to heighten client keeping, client satisfaction and in bend, taking to heighten net incomes and trade name image in the heads of the clients. Contemplations [ P6 ] : In the true spirit of believing outside of the box, experts at the Gartner Group believe the most successful organisations will be those who, through invention and concentrate on concern effectivity instead than simply efficiency, manage to interrupt the cast of traditional concern thought . Being effectual is paramount. The terminal end of better helping clients and enabling a high per centum of client keeping can non be met with out originative thought and effectual planning and actions. The undertaking of honing the relationship between concern and client is ever on traveling and requires particular dedication and invention as the commercialism markets. Scope and Limitations [ P6 ] : Scope To analyze Customer Relationship Management in the Hotel Industry. The other aims would be to analyze the plans and patterns of CRM employed by the taking hotels in India and to analyze the steps to construct a better relationship between the customer/guest and the cordial reception unit. Finally to reason the findings and suggest any recommendations sing the hereafter growing chances. Restrictions of the Study aˆ?Due to the handiness of chiefly secondary informations, hallmark of the same is non certain. aˆ?Since the hallmark of the information is non certain, the consequence of the undertaking may non be precise. aˆ?Customer relationship direction is in itself a complex subject, hence, there may be certain errors in the premise Action program [ D2 ] : WEEKS- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 Topic A ; Title Abstract A ; Keywords Introduction Background Research inquiry ( s ) Hypothesis Research Aims A ; Aims Literature Review Rationale Contemplations Scope and Restrictions Action program Ethical consideration Theoretical Framework / Methodology Research design Analysis and treatment Execution of Research undertaking Execution of Research undertaking Decisions Recommendations and future work

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure Elizabeth Makouta K. Assessment 2 Definition of Heart Failure: This is usually a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis meaning the coronary vessels is build up with fatty clogging (Marieb 2012 p369) The body systems affected are: Kidney, Heart, Lungs, and Digestive System . Kidney’s function : is to eliminate nitrogen –containing e wastes, toxins, and drug from the body. Kidney also produce an enzyme ‘’renin’’ which help regulate blood pressure, and their hormone erythropoietin which stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow (Marieb 2012 p. 512) Heart’s function: Is a muscular organ that pumps blood to all the tissues in the body through blood vessels, ‘weight less than a pound with the size of a person’s fist and a shape like cone-shaped’ (p 357).’’The right side pumps blood through the lungs where oxygen is picks up and carbon diox ide is unloaded. The left side of the heart receives blood containing oxygen and pump it to the rest of the body’’ (Marieb 2012 p 360). Lungs Function: Human body contain two lungs. ‘Lungs are large organs that occupy thoracic cavity except the heart in the central area. The left lung has two robes and the right lung has three robes’ (Marieb 2012 p.441). The lungs bring in oxygen to the body which is the air that we breathed for energy and remove carbon dioxide from the body which is the gas that comes out as waste products (American Thoracic Society 2014). . Digestive System: Digestive system starts from the mouth and ends up in the anus. The function of digestive system is to break down foods in to a simplest form for the absorption of the body as nourishment for cells and energy for the body usage (Marieb 2012 p.464). Signs and Symptoms Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) Fatigue and weakness Swelling (oedema) in your legs, ankles and feet Rapid or irregular heartbeat Reduced ability to exercise Persistent cough or wheezing (Nocturia) increased need to urinate at night Heart Pumps Faster Swelling of your abdomen (ascites) Sudden weight gain Lack of appetite and nausea Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness Heart Grows Larger Elevated blood pressure Chest pain, if your heart failure is caused by a heart attack (Mayo Clinic 2014) Shortness of Breath : meaning there is not enough air getting into the body system why because of lack of oxygen as the heart is not able to pump enough blood (Mayo Clinic 2014 Fatigue and weakness : As the heart failed or become weak other parts of the body are affected including legs and arms making difficult do walk or climb the stairs because there is not sufficient blood getting to the legs and arms (University of California San Francisco 2014) Swelling: For kidney to function very well it needs its normal blood supply. Renin restores normal blood pressure and inc rease filtration of water and salt for filtration process to be normal (Marieb 2012 p. 512). But when blood flow to the kidney is limited then renin will also retain salt and water which will leads to fluid build-up in the body (feet, ankles and legs), ( University of California San Francisco 2014)

Democritus Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Democritus - Assignment Example Atoms and void alone exist in reality.† The Democritus theory of reality posits that atoms consist of an indivisible number of units. Additionally, atoms have different shapes and sizes but lack quality. The only qualities of an atom include solidity and impenetrability. Atoms are infinite in number thus they move in the void. The concept of the void is very interesting because it has attracted mixed interpretations. According to Parmenides, there is no reality of space. On the other hand, Pythagoreans acknowledged the idea that the void keeps units apart. However, they noted that the void was the atmospheric air. Democritus’ theory of reality affirms that space is not real and that it does not exist. In fact, the theory posits that â€Å"what is not† is real just like â€Å"what is.† Space or void is as real as the body. One important point about the Democritus theory of reality is that space or void is not corporeal. The other major point of the Democritus theory of reality is that there is no place for immortality. According to the philosophy of atomism, the life of an animal or a human being only exists when atoms exist and operate collectively in the form of a body. It implies that the destruction of the body ultimately results in the destruction of the soul. For this reason, the soul cannot survive when the body has been destroyed. The reason is that the destruction of the body results in the atoms getting scattered. Democritus cautions that atoms do not cease to be because no atom can neither come into being nor pass away. Instead, atoms cannot survive individually because they become inert when they are separated from each other. In relation to the idea of atomism and soul, the Democritus theory of reality posits that animals and humans are not different from other composite bodies. The popular belief is that humans are different from rocks because humans can move and think. However, Democritus posits that thinking is a

Immigration Reform and Control Act Research Paper

Immigration Reform and Control Act - Research Paper Example Other programs like the Agricultural worker program also provided permanent residency status to more illegal immigrants. Border patrols were enforced while all employers were required to verify the legal status of the job candidates as regards the authority to work in the US within three days after employment offer. The Act led to increase in the number of illegal immigrants and other social problems like low wages. Immigration reform and Control Act Immigration Reform and Control Act-requirements and issues in workplace Introduction Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 was enacted to deal with various immigration problems. Section 1324a of the Act prohibits employees to hire or continue employing illegal immigrants with prior knowledge that the employee is an illegal immigrant. All employers are required to make proper verification that all employees are legalized to work in the U.S including the American citizens, aliens holding express authority from the attorney General to work in the US and resident aliens (Schultz, 2000). According to the opponents, granting amnesty and sanctioning employees did not deter illegal immigrations. Allocation of billions of dollars on border patrols and hiring of additional border enforcement agents could not solve the illegal immigration problem unless the US demand for cheap labor was addressed. This paper shall examine the pros and cons of the Act and effects in the workplace and society. Employers are required to submit form 1-9 detailing the documentation of the employees together with identities and authorization to work in the US. Failure to verify the employee documentation and identity will subject the employer to a fine ranging from $ 110 per worker without the Form 1-9 to a maximum penalty of $ 1,100 per worker without the documentation (Schultz, 2000). The debate of the impact of the Act has attracted intense demand with proponents arguing that it was effective in deterring illegal aliens and reducing social problems in the society. On the other hand, opponents of the Act reduced availability of cheap labor in the economy and slowed down economic growth in the agricultural sector (Smith, 1997). The Act aimed at controlling the high flow of undocumented immigrants in to the US and ensuring on authorized residents were entitled to the available job opportunities. The Act sought for increased border surveillance and enforcement of immigration laws and amnesty program for the undocumented immigrants who met certain minimum standards for authorization as legal aliens (Powell, 2005). About 2.3 undocumented aliens from Mexico were granted permanent resident status in the US. The Act provided for sanctions on employers who knowingly employed illegal immigrants unauthorized to work in the US or continued employment of those illegal aliens (Schultz, 2000). The Act also provided sanctions for employers who hired employees without verifying and properly documenting the identity and legal status of the employee in regards to the ability to work in the US (Smith, 1997. More employers were penalized for undue diligence in verifying the identity of the prospective employees and not filing documentation requirements with the relevant authorities (Laet, 2000). On border enforcement program, the Act provided for 50 percent increase in border patrol manpower to apprehend the illegal immigrants along the border points and especially the US-Mexico border. Additional funds were utilized in deporting illegal immigrants

Current Debate Essay Example for Free

Current Debate Essay Statement of Purpose Today, networking of every kind is fuelling the momentum of change. And in the process further transforming the way we live, work and play. The interplay and interconnections between various devices and systems is creating a world of surprises. To stay ahead in the fast changing world requires the ability to look beyond the present. Most new developments emerge in the USA and then spread almost instantly across the world. My country, India is also caught in the web of change creating exciting opportunities for youngsters of my generation. Indians are proving the worth of their merit and diligence on world platforms. The caliber to match international parameters is the vital need of the hour. This has motivated me to pursue a Masters course in Electrical Engineering at your school. You have the best research facilities, the latest equipment and the dynamic curriculum, which will enable me to understand and apply modern techniques to meet different needs. Your faculty does not only teach what is known but actively contributes to the growth of new knowledge. Education at your institute will equip me to keep pace with the technological revolution. I will be well prepared to evolve with the demands of change. I want to learn to grow in the challenging field of information technology and its related industries. I want to understand the intricacies of the wide spectrum of networking and the allied field of web-linked services. This is the one sphere, which is making the impossible of yesterday, a reality of today and going beyond to create a new tomorrow. My ambition is to focus on a career aimed at contributing to research and development in the arena of information technology. Your training will develop my expertise to manage the vital aspects of all technology with the capability to adapt, assimilate and add on new dimensions of my own. My academic record throughout has been outstanding. I secured 97. 33% in the Sciences (comprising Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) in the 12th standard, thereby gaining direct admission to the Engineering institute- S. P. C. E. (Sardar Patel College of Engineering) in a highly competitive field. My academic performance continued to flourish at S. P. C. E. and I consistently stood among the top rankers. I received merit Scholarships for excellence in Academics from the State Bank of India and the SIR RATAN TATA TRUST. My schedule at engineering college was filled with intense study and focused work for research and a variety of technical projects. I was active on many other fronts too. I am an active member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE). I have also been a part of the Electrical and Electronics Students Association (EESA) of my college. As an active member I was involved in organizing the EESA inaugural as well as the EESA week which consisted of seminars, presentations and various quiz competitions. I was also an active member of the team responsible for organizing ‘The India Room’ at the college festival during the second year of my Engineering degree. This was done with the special intention to commemorate the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Indian Independence and was the highlight of the festival. As part of the student management committee I helped in the organization of the Technical Exhibition section at ‘SPACE-99’, our college festival. The exhibition was known for innovative presentations and I led my team to establish new benchmarks with original creations. The exhibits ranged from educational software to automated signals and complex electronic games. The engineering curriculum gave me a strong grasp of all technical principles. Of the wide range of subjects, I was most interested in the fields of Computer Networking, Computer Architecture, Microprocessors and Digital Systems, as well as in the field of Parallel Processing. I wrote a Technical Paper titled A Treatise on TCP/IP and The Proposed OSI Reference Model, for an I. E. E. E. contest in K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering. This paper concentrated on the study of the TCP/IP protocol suite, and made a comparison with the proposed OSI Reference Model. My teammates and I developed software in Visual Basic to function as a visual aid in understanding the Microprocessor-8086, which was also presented at a software contest at VESIT (Vivekananda Educational Society’s Institute of Technology). I must say that I was most confident whilst presenting our software to an audience of 100 comprising of both students and faculty, in fact debates and public speaking have always been my forte. My final year B. E. project concentrated on developing a Micro- controller controlled air-conditioning system using the fuzzy set theory. One of the most important phases of my education took place on the sports fields. Training in sports taught me the value of discipline, rigorous practice and teamwork. There was a time when I went down in the dumps with a defeat in a match. My sports teachers taught me to rise again after every fall, which helped me to face setbacks in life with courage and the ability to try again and again. Fair play and sportsmanship prepared me to win the battles of life on the basis of merit alone. Once a week, I worked as a teachers aid at a center for Adult education. I took on the challenge to introduce them to the world of basic education, health and hygiene, which was hitherto, something they never cared for. This brought out my creativity and taught me to share my knowledge with others. I sincerely hope that my dedication towards excellence in whatever I do, along with my outstanding academic records, qualify me for admission to your institute. I look forward to creating my own niche in the international family of students at your school. I believe that every experience will add to my all round education and prepare me for the future. Vinod Pandey

Shakespeares Othello - Othello and the Heroine, Desdemona :: Othello essays

Othello and the Heroine, Desdemona  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello we see a very exceptional woman in the person of Desdemona, wife of the general. She, as Cassio says, is a â€Å"paragon† of virtues, unlike the other female characters in the drama.    H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, discusses Desdemona’s entry into the Moor’s life:    But Othello had not known Desdemona long; he had little knowledge of women in any case; his military life had left scant time for cultivating their society or studying them, before he met Desdemona; and there was a bitter modesty in the man, who thought it quite possible that, for all his greatness and his romantic past, a young girl like Desdemona might hold him but a passing fancy. (64)       In Act 1 Scene1, Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken him with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. In response to Iago’s vulgar descriptions of Desdemona’s involvement with the general, Brabantio arises from bed and, with Roderigo’s help, gathers a search party to go and find Desdemona and bring her home. Once that Brabantio has located Othello, the father presses charges publicly in order to have Desdemona returned:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To prison, till fit time   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of law and course of direct session   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Call thee to answer. (1.2)    The proceedings which take place before the Duke of Venice cause the father to permanently lose his daughter, mostly due to Desdemona’s own fluent presentation of her point of view in the city council chamber. This results in Brabantio’s virtual disowning of her and not allowing her to live in his house while Othello’s campaign against the Turks in Cyprus is in progress. Thus it would seem that Desdemona has been living her life with a father who is primarily interested in self and less in daughter.    Entrusted to the ancient’s care and that of his Emilia, Desdemona arrives at the seaport of Cyprus. Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants interprets the protagonist’s very meaningful four-word greeting to Desdemona which he utters upon disembarking in Cyprus:    Othello’s four words, â€Å"O, my soul’s joy,† tell us that this beautiful Venetian girl has brought great joy, felicity, bliss to the very depths of his soul.

Citizen Kane Essay

The film Citizen Kane (1941), directed and written by Orson Welles and Herman Mankiewicz, is an American film drama that use various film techniques to illustrate themes, attitudes, and the development of a story. Welles’ use of camera angles, lighting, movement, symbolism and expression allow the audience to comprehend and understand the themes such as power and exploitation that are present in this movie along with many other themes that pertain to the life of the main character, Charles Foster Kane. Many of the filming techniques that are used in this film illustrate Kane and his feelings and transitions through and about his life. Citizen Kane is a film that demonstrates the importance of how simple scene techniques can help develop a story. After viewing the film, the audience comes to understand that the main theme of the movie is centered around the importance of childhood. Throughout the movie, symbolism is used to reinforce the theme. Thompson, the reporter, attempts to figure out the meaning of the word â€Å"rosebud†, Kane’s last words before passing away. Kane’s life seems to be a mystery to some people, and the word â€Å"rosebud† is that missing piece to Kane’s life. Thompson never figures out what â€Å"rosebud† means, but at the end of the movie we see the word â€Å"rosebud† on the sled that was thrown into the fire. At this point the audience understands that rosebud is indeed symbolic of his childhood and the missing piece of his life. Earlier in the movie, Kane is outside playing with that same sled while his parents are discussing a plan to send him away. â€Å"Rosebud† can now be connected to the snow globe which represents his childhood in Colorad o. Thomson said that â€Å"rosebud† was a missing piece in a jigsaw puzzle. He is illustrating that Kane always felt that he lost his childhood and himself. All he had to show for it was that sled and the snow globe. Further importance on the theme of his childhood is illustrated through lighting when Thomson the reporter investigates Tatcher to get a better understanding of Kane’s childhood. When he enters the room there is a very distinct, glowing light that is angled in such away that it focuses on a book containing information about Kane’s childhood. Right away, we see the importance of Kane’s childhood in the developing plot. To further emphasize this importance, when Thomson opens the book, the audience notices the very distinct contrast between the bright light on the book and the dark area surrounding the book. Throughout the movie, the director is hinting to the audience that his childhood is symbolic of something very important which just might be the answer to the question, â€Å" What/who is Rosebud?† By now the audience understands that that Kane was unable to have a normal childhood due to a lack of say and power. This is illustrated using a depth and focus effect. In the early parts of the film there is a scene in which Kane is outside playing while his parents and banker are negotiating his fate. The actors are ordered in such a way that the mother is always in front, followed by the banker, Kane’s father, and then Kane. Kane’s mother seems to have the power due to her position in this scene. It is important to notice that although Kane is in the far depths, he is still in focus, but with limited power. As we transition through the movie, Kane gains power and is in the front of this scene but there is always depth and focus in the shot to illustrate a hierarchy of power. Another theme in the movie that is reinforced by this technique of depth focusing is relationships. As Kane develops through the movie, the audience recognizes that he is losing his power and his weakness leads to broken relationships. When he takes control of the Inquirer, he is constantly surrounded by people and they are not physically distant from him, but as his status on the hierarchical system dwindles down, he begins to distance himself from others in scenes. When Kane fires Leland, we see a great deal of depth and distance between the two but both remain in focus. In this same scene Bernstein is standing in the doorway at a distance away from Kane but he has no significance. The way the actors are positioned illustrate how Kane is developing as person and with other people around him. When Kane gets taken away by Tatcher at a very young age, his life is transitioning into one of power and corruption. When his employees and partners welcome him for the first time at the Inquirer, all the shots are low angle shots. The angle also makes it seem as though Kane is significantly larger than everyone else in the subsequent scenes. It is as though the audience is looking up to him just as his employees are, illustrating the theme of power that Kane now holds. Exploitation is a theme that begins to develop after Kane has taken control of the Inquirer. His need for power continues to grow and he becomes more and more corrupt. Not only is there corruption within his company, but he comes to exploit other peoples thoughts and ideas. As Kane obtains more power and greed, he gets the idea to run for governor, but in the process he gets exploited in regards to his developing relationship with Susan. This is where the movie transitions from power to weakness. Up until this point there has been many low-angle shots to illustrate Kane’s growing power. When Kane loses the election, the film moves transitions into high-angle shots. Prior to anyone even saying that the election was over, the scene setting clearly illustrates that the election was lost. Even though the office looks like it is a mess, it is very empty. No campaign crew, no feeling. The shot then moves to Kane. During this scene Kane speaks with two different people but his face is down and hidden from the audience. The camera is constantly at a low angle illustrating Kane’s diminishing power. Furthermore, this is the first scene with Kane in which there is limiting lighting in the room, which reinforces the concept of an empty feeling. As mentioned before, the director uses deep focused shots to illustrate a hierarchy of power. Throughout the movie, deep focused shots are also used to put significance on a specific actor. In the deep focused shots, actors are usually separated by long distances, like in the scene where Kane is talking to Susan across a long corridor with Thompson as the interviewer. When either Kane or Susan speak, the camera shot is always focused in front of them to draw attention to what they are saying. Another technique used to put focus on Kane throughout the movie is by drawing in on Kane by passing through and object or person through a continuous shot. This filming technique is used in the first scene of the movie. The scene begins with the audience closing in on a â€Å"No Trespassing† sign, and then passes through the sign to reveal a house with light coming from one window. This might not be a significant amount of light, but the lighting does illustrate the importance of what lies beyond those windows. The scene continues through a garden, over fences, etc. but the whole time the lighted window stays in the same position, continuously bringing a attention to its significance. Of course as the scene continues it is that of Kane passing away and revealing the mystery which follows throughout the film. The director attempts to always keep the attention on Kane even when it seems as though he is fading out of the discussion. The audience can always find a relationship between the characters of a story/film and the main themes. In the film Citizen Kane, the relationship between the characters and important themes are illustrated by filming techniques that range from camera angles to symbolism. Throughout the movie symbolism played an important role in determining the main theme and what â€Å"rosebud† meant. Kane’s development as a person and place in society was illustrated through camera angles, lighting, and depth. These techniques not only assists the audience in understanding Kane, but also understanding other characters and the relationship Kane had with them.

Note Guidelines Rise to Power Hitler

Hitler and Nazi Germany Origins and Rise of Hitler- Note Guidelines Use pages 63-72 in â€Å"Authoritarian and Single Party States† by Waller and Todd to make notes using the following headings: How did the political circumstances of Germany after 1918 contribute to the rise of Nazism? The new government set up after the abdication of the Kaiser †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stab in the back’ theory †¢Disappointment at Peace settlement †¢Proportional Representation †¢Constitution- especially Article 48 Challenges to the New Government †¢Spartacus League- left wing challenge †¢Reaction of the conservatives to the new government †¢Kapp Putsch and ‘White Terror. ’ Munich Putsch What part was played by economic conditions of 1919-29 period? †¢Reparations †¢Passive Resistance †¢Hyperinflation †¢New currency and Dawes Plan †¢Problems in agriculture in 1920s †¢Wall Street Crash- effect on Germany How did the Nazi party d evelop between 1919 and 1929? †¢Formation of NSDAP †¢Role of Hitler †¢Formation of the SA †¢Munich Putsch- its impact on Germany and on the Nazi Party †¢Change in party tactics- Fuhreprinzip †¢Formation of the SS †¢Reaction to the Young Plan †¢Support for the Nazis in 1928 (before the Great Depression) How far did the circumstances of 1929-33 open the way for Hitler’s rise to power? Impact of Great Depression- unemployment figures †¢Response of Muller’s Government †¢Nazi messages †¢Changes in chancellors between 1930-33 †¢Increasing divisions among political parties †¢Nazi gains in the Reichstag in 1930 †¢Hitler’s challenge to Hindenburg in the presidential election †¢Nazi gains in the Reichstag in 1932 –July and November †¢Increased support for the Communist Party (KPD) †¢Failure of von Papen’s Chancellorship †¢Failure of von Schleicher’s Chancellorshi p †¢Reason why Hindenburg decided to appoint Hitler as Chancellor †¢Reichstag Fire †¢Emergency Decree †¢March 1933 election †¢Ceremony at Potsdam †¢Enabling Law †¢Gleichschaltung

Free Essays on Durer And Hiroshige

Both DÃ ¼rer and Hiroshige create lasting images through their respective mediums. Albrecht DÃ ¼rer’s St. Jerome in His Study is an engraving that highlights DÃ ¼rer’s mastery of the medium through key details that focus on St. Jerome and captivates the viewer, while Ando Hiroshige’s A Bridge in a Snowy Landscape focuses on nature with details. Great detail is used in St. Jerome in His Study to bring to life the many nuances of the engraving. The viewer can see individual hairs in the lion’s fur and well as knots in the beams of the ceilings. DÃ ¼rer has made the room feel and look life-like. The light streaming in through the window appears to be real. It creates the exact shadow from the glass window on the wall and it focuses in on St. Jerome to cause a shadow against the wall. Also the cushions on the chairs look soft and plush, like you could sink into them. Creating volume in a piece of work is hard to do, but DÃ ¼rer accomplished it with the cushions as well as the gourd hanging from the ceiling. The gourd looks suspended in space as though I am standing in the room. The light from the window bounces off the front of the gourd to create depth. Using only shades grey, all of these details combine to make the viewer aware of the great skill of the artist without really having to think about it. When the viewer looks at the engraving a relaxed, calm mood is present. St. Jerome has his head bowed, brows furrowed, and his shoulders hunched in deep thought, but he looks relaxed all the same. Man’s best friend, the dog, his peacefully asleep next to a lion. One would think that a dog would be afraid of a lion, but both animals look very serene. The lion is young, but he looks tranquil from the expression on his face. But it also appears that the lion is protecting St. Jerome, he is lying awake at the entrance to the study to keep away interrupters, since as the hourglass behind St. Jerome implies time is only temp... Free Essays on Durer And Hiroshige Free Essays on Durer And Hiroshige Both DÃ ¼rer and Hiroshige create lasting images through their respective mediums. Albrecht DÃ ¼rer’s St. Jerome in His Study is an engraving that highlights DÃ ¼rer’s mastery of the medium through key details that focus on St. Jerome and captivates the viewer, while Ando Hiroshige’s A Bridge in a Snowy Landscape focuses on nature with details. Great detail is used in St. Jerome in His Study to bring to life the many nuances of the engraving. The viewer can see individual hairs in the lion’s fur and well as knots in the beams of the ceilings. DÃ ¼rer has made the room feel and look life-like. The light streaming in through the window appears to be real. It creates the exact shadow from the glass window on the wall and it focuses in on St. Jerome to cause a shadow against the wall. Also the cushions on the chairs look soft and plush, like you could sink into them. Creating volume in a piece of work is hard to do, but DÃ ¼rer accomplished it with the cushions as well as the gourd hanging from the ceiling. The gourd looks suspended in space as though I am standing in the room. The light from the window bounces off the front of the gourd to create depth. Using only shades grey, all of these details combine to make the viewer aware of the great skill of the artist without really having to think about it. When the viewer looks at the engraving a relaxed, calm mood is present. St. Jerome has his head bowed, brows furrowed, and his shoulders hunched in deep thought, but he looks relaxed all the same. Man’s best friend, the dog, his peacefully asleep next to a lion. One would think that a dog would be afraid of a lion, but both animals look very serene. The lion is young, but he looks tranquil from the expression on his face. But it also appears that the lion is protecting St. Jerome, he is lying awake at the entrance to the study to keep away interrupters, since as the hourglass behind St. Jerome implies time is only temp...

High-Frequency Trading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

High-Frequency Trading - Essay Example It is the latest technological tool in the history of securities marketing. They assert the trading has lowered trading costs (Shorter and Miller 1-2). They, however, fail to realize that HFT leads to phantom liquidity, engages in manipulative strategies, have systematic risks, and that some HFT firms are involved in front-running. Although substantial evidence suggests that HFT provides market liquidity, it is not always the case. It at times fails to fulfill the liquidity-supplying function. The provision of liquidity by HFT is partially illusionary because it avails small order depth. This implies that HFT market makers usually quote narrow spreads without the will to sell or buy substantial quantities at the quoted prices. The low spreads, therefore, do not last and transacting significant quantities becomes impossible. In addition, it displaces other liquidity suppliers such as certified exchange specialists who are likely to endure in the market even during turbulent times. During the Flash Crash, for example, the sale of one large order caused HFT firms to gain substantial blocks of E-mini shares. As a result, many orders transacted at cheap prices and the index fell rapidly (Jones 1-3). Regulating HFT would, therefore, be important in order to caution liquidity when market conditions are not favorable. To remedy this problem, HFTs should run batch auctions at regular intervals. Under this regulation, exchanges can collect and aggregate available orders to trade securities. They would then be executed at the price when most offers and bids match (Shorter and Miller 34-36). There is a growing concern that HFT in front-running by damaging price discovery processes. In other words, there is growing worry that HFT provides unreliable price information and makes conditions difficult for traders equipped with sound information. It diminishes the market’s potential to

3. Discuss the trends in terrorism that you envision for the upcoming Essay

3. Discuss the trends in terrorism that you envision for the upcoming decade - Essay Example It is not a recent issue but a common debate today. The use of technology in such acts has exploited all the means of communication (the internet, telephone etc). These organizations plan to kill a larger number of people in a minimum time period. The ratio of natural deaths has decreased as compared to mob killings due to bomb blasts and terrorism. One can define it as â€Å"Terrorism is a term used to describe the method or the theory behind the method whereby an organized group or party seeks to achieve its avowed aims chiefly through the systematic use of violence. Terrorist acts are directly against persons who as individuals, agents or representatives of authority interfere with the communication of objectives of such groups† (Engene, 2004, p. 6) It would not be wrong if one states that terrorism evolved from the 9/11 attacks on the World trade center. Not merely the south East Asian region but the rest of the World as well is highly affected by the terrorist activities. The advancement in the past decade would leave a far more powerful effect of the decade to come. ("Conference on terrorism," 2008) The vast use of technology, fewer incidents and larger killings, use of weapons of destructions all these changing trends n terrorism must be carefully examined by the government as well as other organizations. Close check upon such activities would help in calculating future trends, identify and target the anarchist. These trends in terrorism lead to different government policies to control and reduce terrorism. (Levy, 2007, p. 125) Engene, J. (2004).  Terrorism in western europe: Explaining the trends since 1950. (p. 6). Edward Elgar Publishing. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=8VR765amvzAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=trends in terrorism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mBjIUJXwMOrI0QWt-oHoDg&redir_esc=y Conference on terrorism in south & southeast asia in the coming decade. (2008). In  CONFERENCE ON TERRORISM IN SOUTH & SOUTHEAST ASIA IN THE COMING